TERRELL ABERNATHY, et al., Petitioners, v. DOORDASH, INC., Respondent. CHRISTINE BOYD, et al., Petitioners, v. DOORDASH, INC., Respondent.

For Terrell Abernathy, Parisa Aalami, Jasper Abad, Evans Abban, Malik Abdulhaqq, Petitioners (3:19cv7545): Ashley Conrad Keller, Marquel P Reddish, Travis D. Lenkner, Warren D. Postman, LEAD ATTORNEYS, PRO HAC VICE, Keller Lenkner LLC, Washington, DC USA; Keith Custis, Custis Law, P.C., Los Angeles, CA USA.

Naufar Abdurakhmanov, Tariq Abdus-Samad, Ellen Abelar, Norman Abella, Dexter Abrantes, Jeffrey Abrantes, Omar Adam, Ismail Adegboye, Alex Agbebi, Sahba Aghmaghani, Daniel Aguilar, Ernesto Aguilar, Vincent Aguilar, Esther Agwu, Armen Akimov, Oluwadare Akinbi, Mohammed Aktar, Fakhar Alam, Gloria Alas, Andres Alatorre, Danelia Albano, Jennifer Albon, Emged Alcusary, Elvia Aldana, Jamie Alden, Michael Aleman, Cole Alexander, Darrian Alcorn, Sheldon Alexander, Kaheel Alhark, Shakhzod Allabergenov, Irwin Allen, Kevin Allen, Andrei Allen SR, David Allphin, Amanda Ally, Andrew Alonso, Omar Alsadoon, Ali Alshawosh, Mohammed Alshehari, Jose Alvarado, Destini Alvarez, Erica Alvarez, Eunice Alvarez, Giovani Alvarez, Lavern Alvarez, Lindsay Alvarez, Mark Alvarez, Jalal Alwassiti, Rodrigo Amado, Stefanie Amado, Eihab Amari, Angelina Amati, Lori Amber, La'tasha Amos, Alexia Anastasio, Deborah Anders, Cache Anderson, Cole Anderson, Corina Anderson, Kyle Anderson, Latoya Anderson, Lauren Anderson, Marcus Anderson, Olajuwon Anderson, Summer Anderson, Yvette Anderson, Adrian Andrade, Christabel Andrade, Andre Andrians, Michael Andris, Katrisse Angeles, Debra Angelo, Teresa Anselmo, Devaughn Anthony, Marla Anthony, Tracy Antoine, Dawn Apodaca, Adebola Aragbaye, Elcor Aragundi, Spencer Arburn, Alice Arce, Rafael Arceta, Kraig Archuleta, Stacy Ardoin, Micaela Arenas, Montserrat Arenz, Claudia Arizaga, Deborah Armstead, Andrew Armstrong, Valarie Armstrong, Marques Arnold, Tiana Arriaga, Erick Arriaza, Yoniki Asa, Aireez Asberry, Ahmad Asgari, Kyle Ashburn, Rochelle Ashby, Rebecca Askew, Kara Atkinson, Lavonda Atkinson-Sweat, Talisha Atlas, Kudus Audu, Romaine Augustine, Tamara Augustine, Joselito Avenido, Gabriel Avila, Melissa Avila, Daniel Aviles, Miriam Ayala, Robert Ayala, Mema Ayoub, Sayed A. Azamey, Carolin Azarian, Je Min BA, Lauren Baar, Robald Babino, Leslie Baca, John Badilla, William Bae, Deidra Bagley, Elyse Bagon, Desean Bailey, Leslie Bailey, Phillisha Bailey, Kirt Baker, Cynthia Bakker, Dean Balabis, Aswaad T Balderos, David Ballard, Johanan Ballon, Gregory Bandemer, Johnny Banks, Sabrina Banks, Erika Banuelos, Manuela Banuelos, Ventura Banuelos, Amir Barazandeh, Oscar Barba, Megan Barber, Roxanne Barcinas, David Bardol, Greg Barkley, Brianna Barnes, Felicia Barnes, Latoya Barnes, Tyreejonae Barnes, Lilia Barrales, Joseph Barrett, Cynthia Barrows, Patti Barto, Sara Bartolino, Nicholas Bartolome, Brendan Bartunek, Linda Basilio, Karen Baskind, Deidra Bates, Kahmal Baucom, Freddy Bausley, Jeovaughn Bautista, Omid Bazaei, [**2] Matthew Bazile, Keshaun Beals, Daniel Beasley, Stephen Beaty, Torryeona Beckwith, Nathan Beecher, Ian Beed, Eric Beedle, Caleb Beissel, Satchel Belansky, Laura Belarbi, Salim Belarbi, Wesley Belarde, Ashley Bell, Steven Bell, Robin Bellon, Ethan Benavides, Ernanda Bendtsen, Maria Benitez, Rakeebah Bennett, Jessica Bennett Roberts, Bernadette Bent, Tim Bentley, Alison Bento, Kabral Berhe, Mark Berman, Elijah Bermel, Priscilla Bermudes, Eduardo Bermudez, Jenifer Bermudez, Noah Berrios, Julie Berry, Krystal Berry, Richard Besneatte, Marcus Best, Erika Bethke, William Bey, Dinesh Bhattarai, Sergio Biagi, Pierre Biaye, Chad Bicoy, Jessica Bills, Elondra Birchfield, Rosie Bishop, Sharia Bishop, Kevisha Bivens, Danielle Black, Robert Black, Carla Blackmon, Candis Blake, Miguel Blanco, Chris Blanks, Kyler Blasing, Philip Bloeser, Nikeisha Boatner, Raven Bogar, Mo Bogdan, Veronica Bohorquez, Rachel Bolander, Amy Bolton, Angel Bolton, Christina Bonham, Robert Boone, Lora Borba, James Border, Amber Borja, Julie Borja, Julia Bosco, Jayna Bosse, Diana Bostan, Lea Botro, Josephine Bouck, Andrew Boudreau, Lorraine Bourgeois, Amber Bowden, Barbie Bowden, Christina Bowen, Eric Bowie, Sheri Bowlin, Cornelius Boyakins, Marvin Boyd, Dennis Boyle, Joshua Bradehorst, Ariel Bradford, Tasandra Bradford, Matthew Bradley, Ashley Brandsen, Zion Brantingham, Bailey Breech, Shlanda Breeden, Angela Bribiesca, Darranique Briggs, Liss Brightmon, Andrea Brooks, Michelle Brooks, Monique Brooks, Robert Broomfield, Meredith Broussard, Adrian Brown, Angela Brown, Brandon Brown, Christy Brown, Cortney Brown, Danae Brown, Frederick Brown, Jai Brown, Lakeia Brown, Leah Brown, Marcus Brown, Mark Brown, Olivia Brown, Shellie Brown, Karly Brumbaugh, Kathryn Bruno, Roman Bruno, Petitioners (3:19cv7545): Marquel P Reddish, Keller Lenkner LLC, Chicago, IL USA.

For Doordash, Inc., Respondent (3:19cv7545): James P. Fogelman, LEAD ATTORNEY, Michael J. Holecek, Theane Evangelis, Gibson Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Los Angeles, CA USA; Joshua Seth Lipshutz, LEAD ATTORNEY, Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher LLP San Francisco, CA USA; Joshua David Dick, Gibson Dunn & Crutcher, San Francisco, CA USA.

For International Institute For Conflict Prevention And Resolution, Inc., 3rd Party Defendant (3:19cv7545): Kimberley Elizabeth Lunetta, LEAD ATTORNEY, PRO HAC VICE, Morgan, Lewis and Bockius LLP, New York, NY USA; Andrew Paul Frederick, Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Palo Alto, CA USA.

For Christine Boyd, Petitioner (3:19cv7646): Justin Cornelius Griffin, LEAD ATTORNEY, Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP, Los Angeles, CA USA; Andrew H. Schapiro, PRO HAC VICE, Quinn Emanuel Urquhart and Sullivan, LLP, Chicago, IL USA; Travis D. Lenkner, Keller Lenkner LLC, Chicago, IL USA; Warren D. Postman, Keller Lenkner LLC, Washington, DC USA.

For Ali Abbas, Trevon Abbasi, Feryal Abboodi, Jenin Abdeljabbar, Basem Jamal Abdelkhaleq, Tevin Abdessian, Stephen Abdou, Bakir Abduljabbar, Medina Abdullah, Samuel Abels, Sharareh Abhari, Yerzhan Abildin, Ashley Abney, Terrell Abrams, Sandra Abundis, Simon Achvan, Luis Acosta, Angela Adams, Christopher Adams, Thomas Adams, Tony Adams, Trevon [**3] Adams, Adesola Adeogun, Ericson Adinig, Andrew Afia, Wilard Agdeppa, Lanita Agee, Ehda Agha Mohyaldin, Robert Agozino, Aaron Aguilar, Amber Aguilar, Jose Aguilar, Julie Aguilar, Stephanie Aguilar, Susana Aguilar, Lizbeth Agundez, Patrick Ahern, Shahab Ahmadpanah, Filsun Ahmed, Meredith Aimone, Pauline Ajayi, Aujhana Akins, Donnetta Akins, Mahmood al Ghazawi, Omer al Mashahedah, Roman al, Lana Alaniz, Maria Alarcon, Muayad Albazian, Vanica Albert, Andrew Albrecht, Maia Albro, Elissa Alcala, Alexander Alcaraz, Steve Alcazar, Christopher Alejo, Nehemias Aleman, Saul Aleman, Jacob Alesna, Calondra Alexander, Jennifer Alexander, Joel Alexander, Kaylah Alexander, Marla Alexander, Rudolph Alexander, Roy Alfajora, Alex Alfaras, Denny Alfaro, Elizabeth Alfaro, Ramon Alfaro, Shannon Alfaro, Amanda Alfred, Joseph Alfresco, Sam Alhaddaden, Duaa Alhajri, Mohammed Alia, Bermudez Alicia, Irwin Allen, Michael Allen, Monique Allen, Renee Allen, Timeka Allen, Alexandria Allgood, Melissa Almaraz, Yousef Almasri, Haydar Almayalee, Elizabeth Almendarez, Ammar Alshawosh, Diego Altamirano, Malcolm Alugas, Francisco Alvarado, Victoria Alvarado, Adrian Alvarez, Jean Alvarez, Lilia Alvarez, Marisela Alvarez, Justin Amador, Maryamaweet Amare, Richard Amaro, Ingrid Amaya, Nora Americano, Rudy Amesquita, Ahssanullah Aminyar, Josara Ammann, Rachael Amoah, Francisco Anaya, Isaac Anaya, Romualdo Anaya, Ashley Anderson, Cashley Anderson, Charles Anderson, David Anderson, Desiree Anderson, Francis Anderson, John Anderson, Jonathan Anderson, Julia Anderson, Kai Anderson, Michael Anderson, Shawn Anderson, Victoria Anderson, Yamilb Anderson, Shayna Anderson-Schmidt, Shawna Andino, Jared Andrade, Kevin Andrade, Robert Andrade, Raphelle Andrews, Nadine Anguiano, Ricardo Antillon, Masoud Anwary, Annette Apodaca, Antimony Apodaca, Arthur Appling, Justin Aquino, Edgar Arambula, Nicholas Aranda, Jerrold Arangorin, Juan Araujo, Kaylee Araujo, Pablo Araujo, Melissa Araya, Eva Arce, James Arce, Jan Coleen Arcinas, Kristi Ard, Melissa Arellano, Luis Arenas, Alicia Arguello, Eduardo Arias, James Arlow, Manuel Armenta, Isaac Armstrong, Jeanette Armstrong, Linda Armstrong, Michael Arnett, Corey Arnold, Calvin Aromin, Dominic Arreola, Daniela Arrey, Alfred Arrington, Steven Artiga, George Artope, Miguel Arvizo, Gloria Arzu, Aksel Asadourian, Dean Asamura, Arlette Ascenso, Brian Ashe, Brianna Ashley, Roger Ashton, Michael Asis, Muh Daryosh Aslami, Timothy Aslan, Omar Assaf, Steven Assef, Timona Asuega, Dion Asuncion, Yordan Atanasov, Roza Atikyan, Alfred Atkins, Leandre Atkins, Alex Attrill, Natalie Aubele, Aidan Austin, Rasheeta Austin, Christine Avelar, Micah Avery, Jesus Aveytia, Marissa Avila Metz, Dawn Avila, Jaron Avila, Nasser Awawda, Theo Awdng, William Aydlette, Alessandro Ayer, Jeriza Ayson, Amir Azari, Melissa Azevedo, Navid Azizi, Paul Azzolina, Mohamed Baaghil, Dominique Baca, Brian Bachar, Chad Bachman, Harmony Bacon, Kathy Bader, Christian Baez, Mamie Bagby, Lena Bagwell, Javier Bahamonde, Edon Bainvoll, Lawrence Baisden LI, Laquann Baker, Marvin Baker, Medina Baker, Scott [**4] Baker, Tommy Baker, Tracy Baker, Gagandeep Bal, Kenneth Balanon, Jesse Baldain, Rosario Balderas, Vicente Balinton, Jennifer Ball, Jordan Ball, Chris Ballard, Dameonn Ballard, Glen Balza, Archana Bandaru, Jelani Bandele, Julian Banderas, Gwendolyn Banks, Kayla Bankston, Roberto Baptista, Chrystle Barajas, Marcos Barba, Alicia Barbee, Tanner Barber, Carlos Barbosa, Peter Bard, Jessica Barfield, Sonia Barillas, Briana Barnes, Katelynn Barnes, Steve Barnes, Cameron Barnett, James Barnette, Trini Baron, Jesus Barragan, Cassandra Barranco, Enrique Barrera, Gabriel Barrera, Monica Barrera, Monica Barrera, Ja'monteyanna Barrett, Ariana Barrios, Rebecca Barron, Vanessa Kay Barron, Donald Barry, Jeffrey Bartnek, Isiah Bartolome, Treveon Baskin, Mohan Basnet, Daniel Barba Morales, Everett Bass, Otis Bassett, Brooke Bastiaans, Jared Bastian, Thalia Batista, Ariunsaikhan Batkhuyag, Ryan Batorick, Lauren Battaglia, Thomas Battaglia, Amrit Batth, Katharine Bantigue, Ajanai Battle, Cristina Bautisa, Cristian Merry Bautista, Steven Bavin, Derrick Baxter, Kimberly Bayardo, Vertis Bayne, Jason Beadle, Johnny Beard, Christopher Bearden, Patricia Beardsley, Gariner Beasley, Jenna Beaton, Rodrick Beavers, Luana Beavers-Deloach, Karen Beccar, Jeremiah Beck, Zackary Becker, Danny Bedford, Tony Bedi, Benjamin Beers, Laurie Behrend, Daoud Beituni, Mike Belardes, Anna Beliel, Brianne Bell, Hunter Bell, Jared Bell, Tanisha Bell, Vineshia Bell, Yvonne Bell, Mouaadh Bellal, Connie Bellmer, Emmanuel Bello, Wendy Belmont, Sabrina Belmontez, Miguel Beltran, Hatem Ben Miled, Sarajane Benassi, Olivia Benavides, Vahan Bendian, Simone Benech, Tashalla-Lynn Benford, Andrea Bennett, Dominique Bennett, Endira Bennett, Jacob Bennett, Marissa Bennett, Michael Bennett, Sara Benson, Andrei Berg, James Berg, Matthew Berg, Alayna Bergman, Flor Bermudez, Dessa Bernabe, Christian Bernard, Oscar DE Jesus Bernardino Flores, Scott Bernave, Isha Berry, Samantha Berry, Vincent Berry, Richard Berthil, Jack Bessiere, Seneca Beverly, Ozone Bhaguan, Muhammad Bhutta, Jamee Biadora, Angela Bibbs, Michael Bickham, Tania Bielecki, Lauren Bigornia, Jonathan Bird, Bobby Birdi, Robin Birdsong Vincent, Joseph Birdsong, Jesse Biringer, Brett Birmingham, Arrick Bischofberger, Cody Bishop, Nichele Bissett, Mirhad Bjelevac, Samantha Black, Theresa Black, Christanya Blackman, Sandra Blackmon, Kerry Blackmore, Nichole Blackwell, Stephen Blake, Shauwn Bland, Troy Blanton, Janette Blevins, Tanya Blue, Tatiana Bluford, Emmett Blunt, Jason Blyston, Nicholas Bober, Jakeh Bode, Alicia Bodway, Randy Boeglin, Nicholas Boesch, Richard Bogolub, Genevieve Bohan, Rone Boles, Roszonne Bolton, Alexia Bond, Barbara Bonds, Audrey Bongato, Marcus Boone, Eric Boothe, Lashay Boozer, Alejandro Boquiren, Jasmyn Borders, Samantha Borg, Robert Borjas, Alicia Borrego, Camille Borromeo, Paul Bosley-Pittman, Danielle Bostic, April Bosworth, Josh Botello, Cameron Bothwell, Monet Bounthon, Nadra Bourdi, Monika Bowers, Shaquisha Bowers, Theodore Bowers, Catherine Boyd, Jonathan Boyd, Erin Boyer, Amanda Boyett, John Boyle, Robert [**5] Boyle, Benjamin Bradford, Carlos Bradford, Samantha Bradford, Angela Bradley, Garrett Bradley, Stevie Bradley, Thomas Brager, Ja'sawn Bragg, William Brajnikoff, Rebekah Branch, Yaquii Branch, Jonathan Brannon, Corey Brantley, Tamekia Brantley, Jodi Braund, Georgina Bravo, Jaylen Brent, Destiny Brewer, Brian Brewster, Naja Bridgeforth, Greg Bridgewater, Tawana Bridgewater, Anthony Bright, Detrick Bright, Monique Brim, Tanisha Brinkley, Rosa A. Briones, Miyako Brisker, Gerardo Brito, Ricardo Brito-Gonzalez, Travis Britton, Gayla Brookins, Latasha Brooks, Olivia Brooks, Paradice Brooks, Sheria Brooks, Tess Browder, Henry Brown Lii, Barbara Brown, Britany Brown, Bryson Brown, Charlotte Brown, Cherele Brown, Colleen Brown, Dominique Brown, Donnasia Brown, Earl Brown, Elijah Brown, Harold Brown, Heather Brown, Jarrett Brown, Kenon Brown, Kimberly Brown, Kristina Brown, Latoya Brown, Lauren Brown, Lora Brown, Marcelles Brown, Margaret Brown, Martez Brown, Michael Brown, Monique Brown, Natalie Brown, Niesha Brown, Robyn Brown, Rodney Brown, Sabrina Brown, - Steven Brown, Tonisha Brown, Aziza Brumfield, Duncan Brunst, Julia Bryan, Teran Bryan-Howell, Kevin Bryant, Kimbrielle Bryant, Laquisha Bryant, Linda Bryant, Odeirre Bryant, Shante Bryant, Gilberto Buenrostro, Ebone Buggs, Michael Bui, Vu Bui, Elmer Bungay, Gurgen Buniatyan, Marissa Burgess, Allison Burke, Lauren Burke, Anthony Burks, Anitra Burmen, Bernadette Burnias, Candice Burns, Matthew Burns, Terria Bursey, Coddie Burton, Jannet Bryant, Jalisa Burton, Annie Bushnell, Steven Bustamante, Aretta Butler, Marlow Butler, Davion Byrd Byrd, Robert Byrd, Shawna Byrd, Christian Cabanayan, Azeenith Cabanero, Jewel Cabigas, Bre Cabin, Saul Cabral, Tomas Cabral, Abigali Cabrera, Jorge Caceres, Chloe Caldasso-Smith, Jose Caldera, Anthony Calderon, Earle Calderon, Michael Calderon, Jasmine Caldwell, Rocio Calenda, Kenneth Calicdan, Tyler Callahan, Karina Callahand, Cardell Calloway, Jennifer Calton, John Calucin, Danica Camagong, Samantha Camaioni, Don Camanag, Gabriel Cambron, Regina Cameron, Ashley Camillucci, Keyli Campbell, Kiemara Campbell, Carol Campo, Athiane Campos, Carolina Campos, Melina Campos, Arthur Canales, Casey Canales, Laura Canas, Oliver Canbazoglu, Jc Cannegieter, Kierra Cannon, Sean Cannon, Carlos Canton, Frank Cantoran, Amanda Cantrell, Kristy Cantrell, Mark Capaccio, Chris Capron, Lashay Caradine, Greg Caramella, John Carandang, Patrick Cardea, Ryan Cardenas, Christopher Cardinelli, Aaron Cardoza, Veronica Cargill, Joseph Carini, Jessica Carmona, Michelle Carolan, Jimmie Carpenter, Ron Carpenter, Ryan Carpenter, Samantha Carpintero, Victoria Carpio, Jerry Carr, La Quesha Carr, Roxanne Carr, Vondetrick Carr, Cynthia Carranza, Jonathan Carrasco, Matthew Carrell, Roxanne Carr, Vondetrick Carr, Cynthia Carranza, Jonathan Carrasco, Matthew Carrell, Jasmine Carrion, Nancy Carrion, Timothy Carrizales, Steven Carroll, Rene Carson, Brandon Carter, Craig Carter, Nathanael Carter, Paul Carter, Ronnie Carter, Shawnice Carter, Anthony Carver, Isabel Casales, Janell Cascia, Judy Case, Marshal [**6] Case, Kyle Casey, Deputy Andrew Cash, Arielle Casillas, Adriana Cassell, Emily Castanon, Alexis Castellanos, Juancarlo Castellanos, Pete Castellanos, Terrence Castille, Carlos Castillo, Caroline Castillo, Leon Castillo, Samuel Castillo, Monte Caston, Daniel Castro, Elyse Castro, Evelyn Castro, Fernandez Castro, Jorge Castro, Linda Castro, Lalita Castro-Kinh, Kellie Cartena, April Caudillo, Angela Caviness, Jean Cayabyab, Reagan Ceccarelli, Ronald Chandra, Lynn Chaney, Darwin Chang, Sheng-Yang Chang, Allen Channel, Susie Chanpheng, Serena Chapman, Elizabeth Chapman-Arata, Crystal Chappel, Drake Chaput, Danielle Charette, Kaajal Charitra, Naomi Charles, Jalen Charleson, Sergio Chavez, Tammi Chavez, Andy Chea, Alisha Cheeseboro, Jin Guang Chen, Sheila Chenault, Alexander Cherenkov, Judith Chesser, Alvin Chetty, Aaron Cheung, Moeun Chheang, Jason Chiang, Arinze Chidom, Rajay Childs, Chikezie Chima, Alexander Chirishyan, Jermaine Chism, Krystal Chitty, Raymond Cho, John Choe, Lachia Christian, Samuel Christian, Samantha Christiansen, Saiman Chu, Aminmorn Chuengmankong, Ikem Chukwudifu, Cameron Chumbley, Richard Chung, Linda Cisco, Arturo Cisneros, Ricardo Cisneros, Bacongo Cisse, Miajoy Cedeno, Jason Celestial, Tamika Centers, Adrian Cerda, Lucas Cespedes, Luis Chable, Kimberly Chadwick, Brenda Chairez, Ebonee Chambers, Kalia Chambers, Pesach Chananiah, Zachariah Chance, Gary Chandler, Jasmine Chandra, Trisha Claborn, Kimberly Clark Burrell, Conrad Clark, Joshua Clark, Michael Clark, Taneika Clark, Tera Clark, Virginia Clark, Lester Claros, Gian Claudio, Rick Clayton, Jessica Clements, Karen Clements, Jovita Clemons, Jeanrobert Clervoix, Christopher Cleveland, Elliot Cleveland, Jennifer Clifton, Mikaela Cobb, Christopher Codilla, Marcie Coe, Danny Coello, Martin Cohen, Tanae Colbert, Breanna Coleman, Destiny Coleman, Kristine Coleman, Lakesha Coleman, Zachary Coleman, Ashley Colglazier, Simon Collins, Steve Collins, Tanya Collins, Tina Collins, Celia Colon, Sandra Combee, Christopher Comly, Marvin Conant, Alexis Concannon, Clifford Condello, Karriann Conley, Taylor Conley, Ryan Conn, Kodiak Conrad, Miles Conrad, Krishna Constancio, Alejandro Contreras, Eddie Contreras, Jennifer Contreras, Jorge Contreras, Rolando Contreras, Sharon Contreras, Alex Converse Sr., Chase Converse, Demesha Conway, Jonathan Conway, Malik Conway, Taylor Conyers, Nicolas Cook Leon, Jacquez Cook, Sandy Cook, Fernando Cook-Morales, Jon Cooley, Apple Cooper, Kelli Cooper, Michael Cooper, Tracy Cooper, Martin Coppa Sr., Anjelica Corbett, Ronisha Corbin, Cassidy Corboline, Chris Cordingley, Dana Cordova, John Cordova, Lorena Cordova, Vanessa Cordova, Cheryl Corll, Mayra Corona, Daniel Corpuz, Nicolas Corral, Edmundo Correa, Tessa Correa, Keith Corsi, Mayra Cortes, Ramiro Cortez Roman, Ellie Cortez, Feisal Cortez, Michael Cortez, Bianca Cortinas, Sheliya Cosby, Stephanie Cosio, Mark Costello, Shari Coston, Andrea Cota, Raymond Cota, Larry Cotton Jr., Angela Cotton, Sandra Courtney-Sims, Lashae Cousin, Dorothy Cousins, Emma Couvillion, Mario Cox, Tasha Cox, Alexis Cozzi, [**7] Diiymilea Crafton, Iboete Craig, Lisa Crain, Felicia Crapia, Owen Craver, Cabonia Crawford, Lekeitra Crawford, Jawara Crichton, Angela Criswell, Danielle Crocker, Chelsea Croil, James Cropper, Ericka Crosby, Vanessa Croteau, Jasmine Crouch, Desamona Crowder, Grayce Crowder, Brynn Crowley, Jason Crowley, Wesley Crum, Mercedes Crumby, Ana Cruz, Maria Cruz, Jennifer Csiszar, Manuel Cuenca, Melanie Cui, Shayne Cui, Ashlee Cummings, Aaron Cumpton, Maria Cunanan, Kareem Cunningham, Terra Cupp, Brandon Cuppoletti, Tinisha Curley, Dejana Curry, William Curry, Latanya Curtis, Stephanie Curtis, Jamie Czelusniak, Joshua Czupowski, Karen Dadalt, Diljot Daisy, Alexander Dale, Caitlin Dalton, Joia Danai, Victor Dandrade, Joseph Dangler, Ebony Daniels, Emmitt Daniels, Erika Daniels, Kyesha Daniels, Michalay Daniels, Lori Danielson, Daniel Davidson, Felipe Rosas, Carolyn Davio, Johnathan Davis II, Jason Davis Jr., Adam Davis, Brielle Davis, Cameron Davis, Chardaney Davis, Charrice Davis, Christine Davis, Christine Davis, Dana Davis, Darren Davis, Dasia Davis, Donyea Davis, Karri Davis, Lakiesha Davis, Nathaniel Davis, Ronnie Davis, Ryan Davis, Shaunda Davis, Valerie Davis, Victoria Davis, Tadeh Davtian, Guadalupe DE Alba, Gabriella Davis, Cilia DE Araujo, Melissa DE Castro, Robert L. DE France Jr., Manuel DE Gonzalo, Lavved Daryll DE Guzman, Robert DE LA Cruz, Marco DE LA Luz, Marlon DE LA Torre, Maybeth DE LA Torre, Freddie DE Leon, Richard DE Los Reyes, Christina DE Paz, Gregory Dean, Matthew Dean, Tangie Deberry, Farid Debit, Nicholas Debrito, Greta Dedmon, Sharon Deese, Joseph Degirolamo, Ivan Dejesus JE, Karen Dekruif, James Carter Del Rosario, Cynthia Dela Cruz, Rhyan Dela Cruz, Michael Dalaney, Peter Delatorre, My Delbridge, Jennifer Deleon, Nicholas Deleon, Mario Delgado JR, Christopher Delgado, Pam Delgado, Pedro Delgado, Edeliza Delos Santos, Eric Delrio, Kristine Delrosario, Elizabeth Delucia Rogers, Livingston Denegre-Vaught, Jiahao Deng, Kymberli Dennett, Jacqueline Denton, Cynthia Derita, Ryan Deschaine, Daniel Desmond, Jayanth Dev, Anthony James Deview, Cameron Devore, Christine Devore, Lisa Dewitt, Ara Deylan, Aris Deylan, Gurjot Singh Dhaliwal, Angi Diamond, Alvera Dias, Alejandro Diaz, Alfredo Diaz, Alyssa Diaz, Eliana Diaz, Joanne Diaz, Luis Diaz, Olivia Diaz, Cassidy Dick, Dylan Dickerson, James Dickerson, Breanna Dickinson, Brittany Dickinson, Christopher Diego, Katie Dieterly, Jabulani Dill, Darbi Dillon, Taylor Dillon, Cherika Dilworth, Devontay Dimery, Irvin Dina, Son Dinh, Haley Dipalma, Kascima Dirienzo, William Diskin, Alex Distefano, Nicole Dixon, Timothy Dixon, Sam Dluzak, Jason Doan, Lesley Doan, Derek Dodge, Veronica Dominguez, William Donaldson, Constantino Dondiego, Giao Dong, John Doran, James Dorantes, Don Doria, Julie Dormire, Shawn Dormishian, Yvonne Dorsey, Aubrey Douglas, Chris Douglas, Kenneth Douglas, Taejane Downs, Paul Doxie, Shaylynn Doxie, Jodi Draeger, Tammy Draper, Natasha Drew, Yuriy Drobenyuk, Johnathan Duarte, Ryan Ducusin, Dominic Dufour, Brandon Duncan, Mason Duncan, Kelly Dunn, Michael Dunn, Katarine Dunning, Nghia Nhan Duong, Demetrius [**8] Dupree, Megan Duran, Stephanie Duran, Hunter Durand, Ryan Durell, Shay Durisseau, Kyle Durnford, Stephann Durr, Shobni Dutt, Lauren Each, Shanall Eaddy, Jajuan Earl, Christopher Earl-Rockefeller, Lesly Earnest, Janice Eason, Shantelle Easter, Ryan Eaton, Destiny Echols, Alex Eck, Violet Edmunds, Brandan Edwards, Cedric Edwards, Matthew Edwards, Taja Edwards, Vanessa Edwards, Igor Efimov, Tatiana Efimova, Ethan Eich, David Eisenbart, Robin Eisman, Akram Eissa, La'rhonda Elam, Misty Elder, Bianca Eleazar, Emmanuel Elendu, Raafat Elhenawy, Demetrius Elkins, Destiny Ellingberg, Lakita Elliott, Christian Ellis, Derrick Ellis, Jacob Ellis, Kimberly Ellis, Ahmed Elmehey, Ahmed Elsharkawy, Heather Elvin, Paul Elzie, Jerell Encalade, Casaundra Endres, Michelle Engebretson, Samantha England, Victoria England, Randy Englekirk, Veronica Erazo, David Erickson, Lawrence Erispe, Angelica Escamilla, Amanda Escobar, Giovanni Escobar, Lorena Escobar, Nancy Escobar, Robert Escobar, Jessica Escobedo, Bianca Escorcio, Masoomeh Eshraghinomandan, Beshoy Eskarous, Micaela Esparza, Julio Espino, Alina Espinosa, Frank Espinoza, Josephina Espinoza, Neptaly Espinoza, Rodrigo Espinoza, Lauren Esquer, Mayra Esquivel, Bob Estefani, Javier Estrada, Julisa Estrada, Linda Estrada, Selena Estrada, Mele Eteaki, Sasha Ethridge, Brandi Eubank, Michael Eubank, Irma Eubanks, Hyomi Eum, Kairo Evans, Kimberly Evans, Michelle Evans, Nicole Evans, Tim Evans, Thomas Evanssaine, James Ewing, Sarah Ewing, Michelle Faciones, Emily Fahey, Kariem Fahmy, Anthony Fairbanks, Vanessa Falcao, Richard Falcon, Coleton Falke, Leticia Falla, James Farag, Zakiya Fard, Magdy Farid, Stephanie Farin, Dustan Farr, Fiona Farrell, Khamille Farris, Arvin Farzanegan, Kaveh Fata, Farzad Fazel, Rachel Fedden, Evelle Fejeran, Rhonda Felix, Cameron Fernandez, Dario Fernandez, Dexter Fernandez, Faro Fernandez, Gabriel Fernandez, Jennifer Fernandez, Fernandez Mike, Taisa Fernandez, Maria Ferrer, Jassica Fetuu, Amber Fields, Donyae Fields, Leatricia Fields, Tomica Fields, Torrin Fields, Christopher Figueroa, Maximo Filippini, Audra Fillion-Albert, Silas Finch, Joseph Fincher, Shawna Fink, Tiffany Finney, Jessica Fisher, Wakeeia Fitzgerald, Brianna Fleming, Atley Flenner, Cheryl Fletcher Zarich, Nalani Flint, Russell Flisk, Alexis Flores, Amanda Flores, Ben Flores, Edgar Flores, Edgar Flores, Gloria Flores, Jacob Flores, Liuis Flores, Marissa Flores, Matthew Flores, Paola Flores, Randy Flores, Roger Flores, Sonya Flores, Stephan Flores, Shea Floresespindola, Maximum Flournoy, Ludlow Flower IV, Alissa Floyd, Jeremy Fodor, Maia Foelsch, Jaclyn Fogle, Tuesday Foman, Adrian Fonda, Brittney Fonseca, Sheila Fonseca, Andrea Foppiano, Connor Forbes, Onteiro Ford, Steven Ford, Star Foreman, Tina Forte, Antoine Foster, Mike Foster, Yousef Fotovat, August Foucault, Amber Fowler, Devyn Fowler, Ashley Frame, Surinity Francis, Yvonna Francis, Ramon Franco Jr., Geddy Franco, Joseph Franco, Chris Franklin, Shetara Franklin, Janae Frazier, Tierra Frazier, Renee Fredericksen, Alicia Freeman, Samuel Freeman, Rickelle Freeny, Calvin [**9] Freer, Rashad French, Alexis Frias, Kaitlyn Frith, Alec Frost, Amir Frozano, Sheryl Fry, Robert Frye, Christina Fuchs, Jed Fuchs, Bernardo Fuentes, Petitioners (3:19cv7646): Andrew H. Schapiro, PRO HAC VICE, Quinn Emanuel Urquhart and Sullivan, LLP, Chicago, IL USA.

For Doordash, Inc., Respondent (3:19cv7646): Joshua Seth Lipshutz, LEAD ATTORNEY, Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher LLP, San Francisco, CA USA; James P. Fogelman, Gibson Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Los Angeles, CA USA; Michael J. Holecek, Gibson Dunn Crutcher LLP, Los Angeles, CA USA; Theane Evangelis, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Los Angeles, CA USA.

WILLIAM ALSUP, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE.

WILLIAM ALSUP

[*1063] ORDER RE MOTION TO COMPEL ARBITRATION, MOTION TO STAY PROCEEDINGS, AND MOTION TO SEAL

INTRODUCTION

In this labor classification action, petitioners seek to compel arbitration. Respondent [*1064] moves to stay the proceedings pending preliminary and final approval of a class settlement in a state action. For the reasons stated below, petitioners' motion to compel is GRANTED IN PART and is otherwise DENIED. Respondent's motion to stay is DENIED.

STATEMENT

Petitioners are 5,879 couriers who work for respondent, DoorDash, Inc. In order to make deliveries for respondent, petitioners allegedly each clicked through a contract that contained a "Mutual Arbitration Provision," that required among other things, that each petitioner and respondent "mutually agree to this Mutual Arbitration Provision, which is governed by the Federal Arbitration Act (9 U.S.C. §§ 1-16 ) ("FAA") and shall apply to any and all disputes arising out of or relating to this Agreement, [including] CONTRACTOR's classification as an independent contractor" and required the arbitrations to be administered by the American Arbitration Association (AAA). The agreement also provided that the parties "mutually agree that by entering into this agreement to arbitrate, both waive their right to have any dispute or claim brought, heard or arbitrated as, or to participate in, a class action, collective action and/or representative action . . . ." In turn, AAA's Commercial Arbitration Rules require each individual to pay a filing fee of $300 and the responding company to pay a filing fee of $1,900.

Petitioner couriers say they have been improperly classified as independent contractors rather than employees. Accordingly, in August 2019, petitioners' counsel filed individual demands for arbitration with the AAA on behalf of 2,250 individuals (Abernathy petitioners) claiming violations of statutes such as the Fair Labor Standards Act and the California Labor Code. In September 2019, petitioners' counsel filed further demands on behalf of 4,000 more individuals with the AAA (Boyd petitioners) making the same claims. Petitioner couriers paid over $1.2 million in filing fees. AAA then imposed a deadline of October 28 for respondent DoorDash to pay its share of the fees for the Abernathy arbitrations and a deadline of November 7 for the Boyd arbitrations (Keller Decl. ¶¶ 12, 17-21). On October 28, respondent's counsel emailed AAA and petitioners' counsel stating they had "determined [**10] that there are significant deficiencies with the claimants' filings," and that "Doordash is under no obligation to, and will not at this time, tender to AAA the nearly $12 million in administrative fees." On November 8, AAA emailed the parties and stated, "Respondent has failed to submit the previous requested fees for the 6,250 individual matters; accordingly, we have administratively closed our files" (Keller Decl. Exs. L, N).

On November 15, petitioner couriers commenced this action to compel arbitration for the Abernathy petitioners (Case No. C 19-07545 WHA) and moved for a temporary restraining order a few days later. On November 19, additional petitioners (through the same counsel) sought to compel arbitration in the Superior Court of California for the Boyd petitioners. Respondent then removed the Boyd action here (Case No. C 19-07646 WHA). All cases wound up before the undersigned judge.

A hearing ensued on the motion for temporary restraining order as to the Abernathy petitioners on November 25. DoorDash had begun to require couriers, in order to sign in for new work, to click through a new agreement that required arbitration with the International Institute for Conflict Prevention & Resolution (CPR), instead of AAA. At the hearing, however, respondent DoorDash represented that couriers could opt out of the new [*1065] arbitration agreement, and instead continue to arbitrate under AAA if they so desired, so petitioners withdrew their motion for temporary restraining order.

Meanwhile, in 2018, some couriers had filed a class action (through different counsel) in the Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco, alleging respondent had willfully misclassified its couriers. Marciano v. DoorDash, Inc, No. CGC-18-567869 (S .F. Super. Ct. Dec. 7, 2018). A class settlement was recently pending preliminary approval there. Some of the unnamed class members in the class action are petitioners in the instant actions. Although the underlying legal issues are dissimilar to those for the motion to compel here, any petitioner who accepts the Marciano settlement will release the claims that would be arbitrated here. Petitioners' counsel here filed a brief there on behalf of proposed intervenors to object to the Marciano settlement. On January 30, 2020, the Marciano court vacated the hearing on the motion for preliminary approval of the settlement and designated the action as a complex case (Dkt. No. 168-1, Ex. L).

Herein, petitioner couriers have now filed an amended motion to compel arbitration with the AAA which seeks to compel arbitration on behalf of 5,879 individuals. Respondent separately moves to stay the motion to compel pending the preliminary and final approval of the settlement agreement in Marciano. This order follows full briefing and oral argument.

ANALYSIS

1. MOTION TO COMPEL ARBITRATION.

Under the Federal Arbitration Act, a district court determines "whether a valid arbitration agreement exists and, if so, whether the agreement encompasses the dispute at issue." Lifescan, Inc. v. Premier Diabetic Servs., Inc., 363 F.3d 1010 , 1012 (9th Cir. 2004). [**11] If the court is satisfied "that the making of the agreement for arbitration or the failure to comply therewith is not in issue, the court shall make an order directing the parties to proceed to arbitration in accordance with the terms of the agreement." 9 U.S.C. § 4 .

Here, petitioners contend (and respondent does not dispute) that at least 5,010 petitioners have signed declarations attesting to "click[ing] through" DoorDash's AAA arbitration agreement. As stated above, the agreement provides that the parties "mutually agree to this Mutual Arbitration Provision, which is governed by the Federal Arbitration Act (9 U.S.C. §§ 1-16 ) ("FAA") and shall apply to any and all disputes arising out of or relating to this Agreement, [including] CONTRACTOR's classification as an independent contractor . . . ." Significantly, the agreements for these 5,010 petitioners are valid, cover the claims in suit, and require arbitration before the AAA.

There are 869 petitioners that DoorDash argues do not have a valid agreement with DoorDash. Instead of submitting declarations for these petitioners, petitioners' counsel submitted mere "witness statements" in which they stated, among other things, their residential address, the amount of time they have worked for DoorDash, and that they did not recall opting out of arbitration. The November order, however, specifically asked petitioners to provide a declaration setting forth "the identifying information he or she used to register with DoorDash" and "at least referencing in an ascertainable way the specific arbitration he or she clicked through." The submitted witness statements do not provide such information and without them, this order cannot conclude that an arbitration agreement exists as to those petitioners.

DoorDash has also raised questions as to the authority of petitioners' counsel to represent certain other petitioners and [*1066] seek relief on their behalf. While the factual requisites have been satisfied to compel arbitration as to 5,010 petitioners, these specific procedural disputes are referred to the AAA for decision. If it turns out that Keller Lenkner has overstated its authority, or for any procedural reason, petitioners have not perfected their right to arbitrate, this order imposes on Keller Lenkner a requirement to fully reimburse DoorDash for all arbitration fees and attorney's fees and expenses incurred by DoorDash in defending the arbitration, and the arbitrator shall so award them.

The motion to compel arbitration is GRANTED as to the 5,010 petitioners who submitted declarations. DoorDash is ordered to immediately commence AAA arbitration with these petitioners. The motion is DENIED as to the 869 petitioners who submitted mere witness statements.

Petitioner couriers have further requested that respondent pay all attorney's fees and costs related to the arbitration under California Senate Bill 707, which took effect on January 1, 2020. In relevant part, the law states:

In an employment or consumer arbitration that requires, either expressly or through application of state [**12] or federal law or the rules of the arbitration administrator, the drafting party to pay certain fees and costs before the arbitration can proceed, if the fees or costs to initiate an arbitration proceeding are not paid within 30 days after the due date, the drafting party is in material breach of the arbitration agreement, is in default of the arbitration, and waives its right to compel arbitration under Section 1281.2 .

It further states that if the above occurs, the employee may: "(1) Withdraw the claim from arbitration and proceed in a court of appropriate jurisdiction (2) Compel arbitration in which the drafting party shall pay reasonable attorney's fees and costs related to the arbitration" Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 1281.97 . The law also states "[t]he court shall impose a monetary sanction against a drafting party that materially breaches an arbitration agreement pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 1281.97 or subdivision (a) of Section 1281.98 , by ordering the drafting party to pay the reasonable expenses, including attorney's fees and costs, incurred by the employee or consumer as a result of the material breach." Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 1281.99 .

"A retrospective operation will not be given to a statute which interferes with antecedent rights . . . unless such be 'the unequivocal and inflexible import of the terms, and the manifest intention of the legislature.'" United States v. Security Industrial Bank, 459 U.S. 70 , 78-79 , 103 S. Ct. 407 , 74 L. Ed. 2d 235 (1982). Senate Bill 707 does not apply retroactively and here, the events at issue all occurred prior to the enactment of the bill. See Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 1281.97 ; S.B. 707, 2019-2020 Reg. Sess. (Cal. 2019). Petitioners began to file their individual demands for arbitration in August 2019. Following respondent's failure to pay the necessary fees, AAA closed all of the petitioners' files in November 2019. The underlying demands for arbitration and corresponding fee payment requirements are thus not currently pending before AAA. Petitioners' request for relief under California Senate Bill 707 is accordingly DENIED.

2. MOTION TO STAY.

Respondent DoorDash seeks to stay the instant proceedings until final approval of the Marciano settlement given, among other things, the potential overlap between the petitioners here and the class members in Marciano. Ironically, DoorDash originally sought to dismiss Marciano on the ground that the couriers had a duty to arbitrate. Petitioners' counsel then [*1067] sought to do exactly that. Their clients want individual arbitrations before AAA and this Court accordingly expects all petitioner couriers here to opt out of the class action in Marciano — if it ever gets preliminary and final approval. If it turns out that any petitioners attempt to double dip (get both class action relief and individual arbitration), then this order recommends the arbitrator impose on Keller Lenkner an order to fully reimburse DoorDash for all arbitration fees and attorney's fees and expenses incurred by DoorDash in defending the matter twice. As to DoorDash's concern regarding CenturyLink and the possibility that petitioners here may prefer the Marciano settlement, this order reminds Keller [**13] Lenkner that it would be a serious problem to assert that the firm has attorney-client privilege with a DoorDash courier who has not authorized Keller Lenkner to represent him or her, or to initiate arbitration on behalf of a petitioner without his or her informed consent. That said, the motion to stay is DENIED.

This order notes a concern that the proposed Marciano settlement seeks to prevent opt outs via petitioners' counsel and instead requires an original ink signature by each individual. This provision is an obvious attempt to make it as hard as possible for petitioners to opt out, thus binding them to the Marciano settlement. Perhaps the judge overseeing the proposed settlement will give this provision extra scrutiny.

3. MOTION TO SEAL.

Petitioners have filed an unopposed motion to file under seal certain portions of their reply brief, Aaron Zigler's declaration, and the exhibits attached to Aaron Zigler's declaration. CPR has designated these materials as confidential purporting that they contain, among other things, trade secrets, proprietary information, and sensitive information. The materials sought to be sealed here all relate to email communications between CPR and respondent's counsel, Gibson Dunn, in 2019. In short, the emails track the following events: in May 2019, Gibson Dunn reached out to CPR to discuss issues DoorDash was having with filing fees for mass arbitrations, and to find a solution to prevent "an abuse of process." In October 2019, CPR provided Gibson Dunn with a draft of a mass arbitration protocol for discussion. A week later, CPR provided Gibson Dunn with another draft of the protocol based on their discussion. Gibson Dunn "interlineated comments, questions, and recommendations" in the new draft. CPR and Gibson Dunn traded additional drafts and revisions in the following weeks. On November 4, CPR notified Gibson Dunn that it had posted the finalized new protocol and asked to be notified when the new DoorDash contracts providing for arbitration under CPR were distributed. Just because such information has been designated as confidential does not mean that it deserves to be kept from the public once filed in the federal district court. The district court should not be a party to concealing this information from the public, especially as it concerns an arbitration organization that holds itself out to the public as impartial. These documents would be useful to the public in evaluating the true extent to which the organization is impartial. The motion to seal is accordingly DENIED.

CONCLUSION

For decades, the employer-side bar and their employer clients have forced arbitration clauses upon workers, thus taking away their right to go to court, and forced class-action waivers upon them too, thus taking away their ability to join collectively to vindicate common rights. The employer-side bar has succeeded in the United States Supreme Court to sustain such provisions. The irony, in this case, is that the [*1068] workers wish to enforce the very provisions forced on them by seeking, [**14] even if by the thousands, individual arbitrations, the remnant of procedural rights left to them. The employer here, DoorDash, faced with having to actually honor its side of the bargain, now blanches at the cost of the filing fees it agreed to pay in the arbitration clause. No doubt, DoorDash never expected that so many would actually seek arbitration. Instead, in irony upon irony, DoorDash now wishes to resort to a class-wide lawsuit, the very device it denied to the workers, to avoid its duty to arbitrate. This hypocrisy will not be blessed, at least by this order.

This order now gives any party who disagrees with the unsealing order 14 CALENDAR DAYS to seek relief with our court of appeals. Failing any relief, petitioners' reply brief, Aaron Zigler's declaration, and the exhibits appended to the declaration shall be made public. For 14 calendar days, the documents sought to be sealed shall remain under seal. This order, however, shall be public ab initio.

Dated: February 10, 2020.

/s/ William Alsup

WILLIAM ALSUP

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE